動組織就抱怨海外的廉價勞動力。例如:他們就曾指著這家中國的工廠。那裡的工人生產曾在美國生產的腳踏車,每天的報酬只有5個美元。
THEA LEE: Our workers are in direct petition to workers overseas。 We can't control whether every single job stays in the United States or not; but it's another thing to lose jobs to workers who are not represented by independent trade unions。 And so that changes the nature of petition that American workers face。
THEA LEE:我們的工人與海外的工人處於直接的競爭當中。我們無法控制每一個單獨的工作能否都被留在美國境內, 但是,工作被那些沒有參加獨立的工會組織的工人所得到,是另一回事。所以,這就改變了美國工人所面臨的競爭的性質。
NARRATOR: Countries that opened their markets saw their overall wealth and living standards increase; yet the politics of trade were less straightforward than the economics。
旁白:那些開放了本國市場的國家看到了它們整體的財富及生活水平提高了,但是,貿易的政治學是沒有經濟學這麼直截了當的。
LAWRENCE SUMMERS: It's always difficult to sell open markets。 There's a basic cost of open markets。 Whether it's somebody losing a job particularly or very obvious; the benefits are much less clear。 Who said on Christmas day; ";Gosh; thanks …… without open markets I would have been only able to buy half as many toys for my kid";? Or whoever says; ";You know; I'm not that great a worker; but they really had no choice to promote me given the surge and export demand";? On the other hand; every job loss that can be remotely connected to international trade; people do。 So this problem of invisible beneficiaries and visible losers is one that bedevils the political economy of trade。
薩莫斯:要推銷開放市場總是很困難的。開放市場有一個基本的成本。無論是某個人丟了一份工作或是很明顯,收益遠沒有損失那麼清楚。誰在聖誕節時會說:“上帝啊,謝謝——如果沒有開放的市場,我只能給我的孩子買今天一半的玩具。”?或者,誰會說:“你知道,我並不是那麼好的一個工人,可是它們因為經濟的快速增長和出口需求增加,實在沒有其他選擇而只有提拔我了。”?而另一方面,每一個丟掉的工作,只要能把它與國際貿易聯絡起來,人們就會這樣做。因此,看不見的受益者和看得見的失敗者就把貿易的政治經濟給妖魔化了。
THEA LEE: The truth is that the business munity has very good access to the internati