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ead them out of poverty。 Across South America; governments chose state control as the way to modernize。 The apparent success of munist countries like the Soviet Union and China seemed to show the way。

旁白:印度成為新興對立國家經濟發展的典範。在發展中國家,社會主義、計劃、政府控制、規章和所有權都成為真理。在整個非洲,人們都指望社會主義領導他們擺脫貧困。南非政府選擇國家控制作為實現現代化的方式。共產主義國家-例如蘇聯和中國-取得的明顯成功似乎證實了這一方式。

Chapter 11: Chicago Against The Tide '7:32'

第十一章:芝加哥逆流

Onscreen title: Chicago; 1950

字幕標題:芝加哥,1950年

NARRATOR: By 1950; Hayek's market economics were so pletely out of fashion that when he sought a full…time academic job in the United States; only one university was willing to hire him。

旁白:到1950年為止,哈耶克的市場經濟學已經完全不流行了,當時他正在美國謀求全職的學術工作,結果只有一個大學願意聘用他。

SAM PELTZMAN; Professor; University of Chicago: Chicago has always been an exceptional place; out of the mainstream。 Chicago is geographically isolated。 This affects Chicago's intellectual influence in many more areas than economics。

SAM PELTZMAN,芝加哥大學教授:芝加哥一直都是一個特殊的地方,置身於主流之外。芝加哥的地理位置孤立,這影響了它在包括經濟學在內的許多領域中的影響。

NARRATOR: The University of Chicago's intellectual influence would grow。 Eight professors and another 11 economists from Chicago went on to win Nobel Prizes。 Gary Becker is one of them。

旁白:芝加哥大學的學術影響將不斷增強。八位教授和其他十一位來自芝加哥大學的經濟學家獲得了諾貝爾獎。加里?貝克爾就是其中之一。

GARY BECKER; Professor of Economics; University of Chicago: When I came as a graduate student to Chicago 1951; I was flabbergasted by how stimulating the atmosphere was。 I had been a very good student at Princeton。 My first day in Friedman's class he raised a question。 I answered。 He said; "That's no answer; that's just rephrasing the question。" That was the example of how blunt people were。

加里。貝克爾,芝加哥大學經濟學教授:1951年我到芝加哥大學念研究生的時候,這裡活躍的氣氛令我大吃一驚。在普林斯頓我是一個